1. Home
  2. Tools
  3. Expression Heatmap
  4. Results

Heatmap: Cluster_221 (Lactuca sativa (Lsa) Coexpression Clusters (HCCA Algorithm))

View as: (view zlog-transformed or row-normalized)

View using InCHLib : here ( Experimental feature, still under development)

(Showing raw values)

 Transpose table  Download table
Gene
Light: 268 uE m-2 s-1
Light: 202.5 uE m-2 s-1 (Control)
Light: 135 uE m-2 s-1
Light: 67.5 uE m-2 s-1
Photoperiod: L24
Photoperiod: L20D4 (Control)
Photoperiod: L12D12
Photoperiod: L8D16
RBW: 4:1:1 (Control)
RBW: 4:1:0
RBW: 3:1:1
RBW: 3:1:0
Nitrogen: 0%
Nitrogen: 25%
Nitrogen: 50%
Nitrogen: 100% (Control)
Nitrogen: 150%
Phosphorous: 0%
Phosphorous: 25%
Phosphorous: 50%
Phosphorous: 100% (Control)
Phosphorous: 150%
Potassium: 0%
Potassium: 25%
Potassium: 50%
Potassium: 100% (Control)
Potassium: 150%
Temperature: 20°C
Temperature: 25°C (Control)
Temperature: 30°C
Temperature: 35°C
247.32 236.96 140.21 77.56 203.16 167.7 333.89 455.7 194.11 167.99 169.99 166.9 182.77 250.39 347.27 207.07 219.33 8.15 116.5 194.01 186.52 178.75 10.28 175.59 160.5 182.09 172.3 216.58 127.69 124.41 124.38
18.16 22.59 11.18 11.15 29.19 25.98 33.2 48.02 19.89 17.65 18.67 18.2 15.97 31.73 22.34 13.76 13.74 18.94 18.65 15.45 17.68 19.1 7.57 19.88 18.59 18.77 18.62 20.21 25.27 19.44 16.25
20.19 22.09 11.47 8.25 30.33 30.63 32.88 38.8 14.29 12.53 15.63 13.69 12.38 31.77 30.2 19.98 16.16 1.66 17.58 15.69 18.66 20.13 4.17 16.44 15.63 17.5 19.78 21.05 14.35 10.46 4.77
7.47 10.15 3.06 2.82 7.52 11.73 19.52 24.92 8.14 8.0 8.61 8.55 16.65 24.88 18.93 12.41 11.99 8.59 13.57 11.55 11.38 11.26 13.22 11.01 10.97 11.85 11.89 12.46 9.21 8.76 7.05
1.58 3.43 2.68 2.0 7.23 6.76 4.43 8.52 2.24 1.74 2.78 2.73 3.04 10.23 4.56 3.24 2.29 0.39 3.9 2.5 3.0 3.93 0.85 3.76 3.94 4.06 3.37 2.98 5.83 5.02 4.74
42.32 35.08 31.07 24.83 38.94 47.07 54.12 51.53 37.1 36.87 36.54 32.56 39.25 80.12 73.59 46.99 44.68 18.63 43.89 39.14 37.66 39.79 44.77 35.82 37.09 40.41 38.25 40.06 36.67 36.14 34.47
14.67 12.57 4.55 3.16 14.79 32.19 28.01 35.46 7.23 6.44 8.2 6.04 11.77 29.94 17.99 11.66 11.04 2.23 14.43 12.14 13.56 15.24 3.85 14.54 13.99 14.74 16.07 15.13 13.0 10.81 8.72
299.33 340.8 340.55 436.38 289.56 316.42 408.62 371.64 392.79 394.22 390.61 356.91 335.0 492.58 611.73 460.3 439.93 175.91 431.37 410.81 387.74 377.6 331.43 311.05 327.46 396.82 384.18 370.95 417.53 396.9 357.67
4.93 5.65 4.26 2.82 3.08 7.4 23.2 29.55 8.13 7.8 7.03 8.08 26.85 14.95 13.8 14.35 15.45 12.23 10.62 11.22 10.19 10.06 15.16 11.97 11.19 11.16 11.24 9.2 8.04 9.01 12.12
2.75 3.17 2.13 2.47 3.26 4.92 5.76 6.37 2.69 2.32 2.75 2.2 3.43 7.94 9.92 5.87 6.73 1.17 4.12 3.31 3.43 2.97 1.71 3.06 3.48 3.44 3.46 4.18 4.68 4.29 3.04
3.81 5.88 8.04 5.45 10.02 7.67 10.77 12.55 5.59 5.19 6.37 7.2 3.91 16.19 14.63 8.04 8.19 3.28 7.46 6.25 5.73 6.22 0.85 5.76 6.11 6.13 6.42 6.65 6.23 5.49 5.6
81.19 70.26 65.61 59.81 101.48 117.78 111.83 128.08 76.15 69.25 74.81 66.51 69.54 155.34 143.23 93.67 84.9 51.15 107.22 74.54 80.6 79.56 89.48 82.96 77.45 76.21 86.76 76.92 98.13 81.45 75.27
33.84 30.88 27.3 24.84 33.8 45.14 39.61 41.25 30.65 26.96 26.88 25.39 36.57 51.55 44.63 39.11 35.15 24.38 34.78 32.82 34.68 35.34 18.79 30.74 33.22 35.81 37.64 38.83 32.63 30.27 30.07
23.82 19.9 18.35 17.91 24.57 30.32 28.93 32.33 19.68 17.19 17.2 15.23 26.62 36.64 29.54 23.29 22.59 28.64 23.89 19.67 22.48 22.63 33.06 23.48 20.03 23.61 22.45 19.64 27.44 22.74 22.19
28.32 22.26 12.15 12.62 34.04 33.8 31.05 55.46 20.77 20.84 21.9 24.35 27.53 40.29 36.55 23.64 22.04 23.29 20.54 16.8 17.03 19.3 33.74 24.22 19.01 21.16 22.62 21.77 22.19 21.75 21.3
27.02 24.67 21.16 20.13 28.92 36.06 33.31 38.56 22.55 23.79 22.69 25.38 27.04 40.35 36.76 26.92 24.51 13.97 28.31 23.28 25.6 26.41 19.87 27.27 25.26 25.49 27.13 28.68 25.14 23.89 29.31
54.42 42.67 32.97 25.15 34.18 37.87 53.81 81.01 25.2 23.7 25.98 23.57 40.16 98.65 57.47 29.0 27.99 18.77 37.61 27.1 28.62 31.5 53.85 31.09 30.52 28.62 29.8 32.4 42.37 33.03 31.21
25.05 29.14 19.75 13.72 17.93 19.76 41.03 60.8 17.47 15.63 20.24 16.11 18.55 55.05 39.91 23.93 28.62 11.44 31.94 20.95 22.01 25.15 28.19 20.96 22.55 23.84 23.88 20.53 25.47 23.03 21.62
43.01 63.33 57.52 46.4 35.33 36.51 106.13 89.41 68.3 67.93 65.44 59.59 47.21 96.52 114.59 66.18 72.94 14.51 77.14 70.44 54.22 52.75 3.51 55.64 55.32 61.42 57.61 39.93 68.72 69.95 69.79
3.55 6.31 2.91 1.49 3.23 5.9 7.22 5.18 4.99 3.43 3.68 3.87 4.3 6.73 6.38 7.21 7.82 0.47 5.81 6.02 4.93 6.19 0.28 5.58 5.72 5.81 6.89 6.43 3.22 3.42 3.21
14.85 14.39 15.35 15.3 14.92 16.35 18.95 24.69 10.13 11.86 10.75 11.69 17.44 19.04 17.0 12.35 12.0 17.81 12.17 12.3 12.31 12.08 25.25 11.86 12.5 12.24 11.61 11.18 15.71 15.55 20.13
98.25 83.68 59.24 55.36 100.64 121.94 134.53 162.27 72.33 70.84 74.88 73.09 105.38 142.65 128.22 107.49 102.75 133.49 101.09 88.41 97.35 102.76 140.81 88.54 93.95 95.52 100.6 112.59 83.77 78.72 50.19
21.55 21.27 14.8 14.28 27.83 34.3 33.14 38.98 20.82 18.84 21.41 20.48 22.61 31.82 30.73 22.47 19.95 5.71 20.81 18.02 20.41 20.5 18.78 21.17 19.39 21.61 23.63 23.65 25.43 25.1 14.75
7.2 8.38 3.82 2.98 9.93 10.7 12.46 13.86 5.08 4.73 4.77 4.82 11.95 16.92 13.47 9.39 9.19 8.82 7.89 7.12 7.28 7.0 13.28 7.18 7.42 6.73 8.48 7.86 8.14 6.77 5.46
1.68 2.42 1.91 2.02 2.17 1.97 5.27 6.06 2.97 2.85 3.95 3.68 2.49 3.7 5.17 3.86 3.63 2.96 3.59 3.5 2.38 2.26 0.51 3.64 2.72 2.75 2.92 1.94 3.67 4.56 4.4
252.22 253.84 212.13 167.46 307.21 388.92 283.88 380.34 147.58 151.04 174.54 147.21 203.02 368.5 402.08 261.93 197.92 124.21 286.04 205.08 205.76 217.54 205.78 213.06 195.64 186.07 221.35 225.41 213.28 169.83 147.28
25.68 15.58 7.15 3.83 16.72 23.42 20.11 23.18 13.77 13.95 15.32 14.81 23.52 58.45 62.81 40.6 44.2 3.46 14.14 15.68 13.53 14.59 9.7 15.28 12.53 15.33 19.41 19.79 13.84 17.95 13.24
129.2 90.95 76.69 62.53 109.7 126.44 156.69 173.65 83.63 77.61 84.59 83.47 114.87 237.1 182.85 112.87 108.16 83.12 129.33 109.87 109.13 112.19 79.14 101.34 102.6 104.52 106.38 129.86 102.08 80.34 59.83
25.33 15.13 6.94 1.5 12.48 25.04 19.67 20.81 4.97 3.79 4.22 4.5 10.97 44.58 40.62 13.67 14.21 5.82 18.02 7.54 10.97 12.4 4.38 11.44 10.78 10.9 10.4 14.52 15.32 10.74 13.91
11.67 9.82 5.23 2.08 9.03 20.33 18.91 21.06 10.02 7.34 9.87 7.19 10.12 41.78 26.12 12.73 11.55 1.71 15.56 13.34 14.36 16.29 7.64 13.65 14.46 13.61 15.05 13.4 10.41 8.16 10.28
158.56 149.35 127.62 111.7 127.6 124.84 191.7 245.47 95.8 87.98 98.71 88.97 130.34 212.63 181.54 129.97 118.41 154.7 136.87 105.62 115.22 112.06 220.36 115.38 114.67 112.41 111.04 105.33 142.68 130.26 135.47
13.79 13.86 13.07 13.06 16.32 14.59 19.23 29.09 14.66 16.14 15.83 15.64 16.65 25.02 19.11 13.09 13.83 10.04 13.85 11.48 11.86 13.66 12.49 12.41 11.93 12.19 12.07 16.85 12.31 12.29 15.23
5.0 4.15 3.99 2.66 4.95 5.0 3.04 3.91 4.43 4.3 4.54 3.37 2.64 8.48 8.29 5.56 5.83 1.7 4.02 3.65 4.0 3.9 2.86 3.75 3.08 3.57 4.32 3.45 5.97 5.53 4.63
40.9 34.98 15.62 6.41 40.71 55.6 45.36 45.91 27.25 24.08 28.66 24.46 26.77 78.44 68.93 38.32 38.25 4.57 42.06 34.25 34.54 36.14 22.95 34.17 32.45 35.33 34.31 36.31 37.29 31.88 28.72
7.45 7.89 2.95 1.91 9.74 7.52 10.13 18.91 6.11 6.47 6.73 6.82 3.45 16.95 14.97 6.37 5.77 0.07 7.36 5.41 5.4 4.7 0.84 5.84 5.2 3.54 4.65 4.98 5.66 5.58 3.47
14.7 11.19 4.16 1.97 16.8 21.42 20.97 24.0 15.42 12.88 13.94 11.48 7.84 20.8 34.1 20.52 18.97 0.41 13.36 16.44 16.84 17.74 0.54 14.43 13.52 13.6 17.28 17.53 12.47 12.52 11.1
3.39 3.69 3.31 2.97 3.73 3.72 3.52 3.83 2.62 3.24 3.17 3.41 4.79 6.55 6.91 3.95 3.83 3.73 3.34 3.84 2.25 3.13 5.26 2.82 2.77 3.05 2.56 3.43 3.75 2.79 3.59
18.82 15.07 8.13 6.21 15.59 28.69 22.12 35.67 10.1 9.24 8.46 8.81 20.02 41.37 23.61 12.24 11.33 4.92 12.95 11.47 13.48 12.53 13.7 14.29 14.39 11.27 14.0 18.87 11.37 8.26 8.55
51.57 64.51 42.09 45.63 103.24 109.56 90.21 102.41 52.82 51.1 56.08 50.38 48.38 107.83 87.36 65.01 55.32 18.06 64.4 49.74 54.8 60.85 21.82 55.7 54.11 57.89 59.95 57.19 64.87 50.89 48.57
127.81 142.14 124.18 113.63 109.95 124.17 209.97 245.54 129.53 114.49 126.16 108.51 114.95 218.51 203.2 154.25 146.96 76.98 140.65 126.06 132.3 133.16 97.02 123.83 120.45 131.11 130.54 114.17 125.69 126.77 137.41
19.8 16.35 12.6 15.49 21.97 23.78 27.8 32.18 15.63 15.65 15.96 15.01 14.13 26.85 29.1 20.68 20.05 16.3 20.05 20.6 19.0 17.58 3.53 20.04 19.27 18.42 20.46 21.91 16.06 14.35 9.27
13.69 21.04 13.08 11.91 22.32 28.41 33.17 33.76 16.58 14.35 17.52 15.69 14.54 36.2 36.68 24.05 23.86 20.81 22.23 16.29 17.55 20.15 20.05 17.98 16.53 18.43 19.58 16.05 22.79 18.41 23.15
0.11 0.03 0.14 0.02 0.26 0.26 1.46 1.56 0.33 0.29 0.13 0.27 0.42 2.3 1.19 0.45 0.44 0.84 0.96 0.57 0.54 0.46 0.35 0.6 0.49 0.49 0.42 0.3 0.82 0.73 1.22
25.21 27.04 14.41 12.84 33.22 47.99 54.67 70.54 21.26 22.57 24.19 23.41 33.81 82.11 67.9 37.89 34.72 30.02 31.63 27.58 28.87 32.17 41.72 28.73 29.38 28.99 29.33 31.65 30.14 27.22 26.01
29.66 28.88 16.48 13.65 22.1 26.03 38.4 40.43 23.79 18.75 22.23 23.13 15.61 50.5 46.63 26.36 26.45 28.23 31.47 28.71 28.78 30.78 38.61 27.4 27.06 30.93 29.72 23.56 24.19 20.65 20.66
15.37 14.99 12.05 9.08 26.67 16.54 15.34 36.19 8.33 8.38 10.34 8.8 6.5 39.05 19.6 7.42 5.38 12.46 8.74 6.13 5.75 6.62 13.05 7.16 6.16 6.49 8.04 6.62 13.4 9.81 8.59
21.44 22.22 24.64 23.56 17.97 21.18 28.96 24.48 25.38 25.17 25.76 24.39 19.52 33.26 41.52 26.61 26.87 6.97 23.99 25.81 23.7 24.94 6.52 23.47 23.32 24.74 25.4 25.27 19.4 20.77 22.04
13.26 13.29 8.96 8.18 16.45 16.66 19.02 20.54 13.26 12.67 13.05 12.47 16.79 26.03 24.97 18.25 16.98 18.48 14.07 13.39 13.98 14.52 17.78 14.11 12.7 14.38 14.36 14.9 17.47 17.4 17.45
62.95 61.1 37.46 26.96 56.27 88.72 74.94 84.46 43.79 36.37 40.88 37.57 100.84 131.12 107.69 88.28 74.33 63.82 74.99 56.46 65.14 68.41 28.59 60.74 59.98 66.21 64.33 67.18 49.2 47.53 63.71
25.93 27.43 15.06 9.85 37.12 73.27 93.83 104.3 23.3 21.01 22.1 16.68 47.06 105.55 101.76 75.07 62.79 23.78 57.91 43.34 45.46 45.38 46.49 30.47 36.19 44.35 43.98 42.61 52.61 40.05 19.35
44.7 34.45 33.95 31.42 49.2 56.42 55.97 66.36 33.03 36.16 37.52 34.04 39.21 108.06 74.8 37.7 32.88 29.02 47.55 32.84 34.0 37.36 42.46 38.31 34.11 34.58 35.63 37.82 42.89 34.41 33.55
4.06 7.34 2.86 2.41 3.24 7.28 7.29 5.16 3.56 3.23 3.47 3.34 6.63 7.28 9.83 8.48 7.04 2.59 5.91 6.23 6.29 5.42 3.13 4.22 5.18 6.29 6.24 6.48 3.83 3.73 3.81
68.9 67.17 34.54 26.13 80.38 88.18 85.65 86.84 62.73 57.13 61.47 54.56 37.18 95.47 99.88 61.43 55.17 24.4 62.14 61.67 60.14 61.91 21.51 62.21 60.35 62.27 67.85 65.05 65.94 59.53 46.1
10.74 8.28 6.24 4.49 8.88 13.19 14.61 13.82 7.88 9.23 8.04 7.81 8.35 14.07 12.49 9.56 9.1 1.4 10.08 9.96 9.19 10.01 5.41 8.48 8.91 10.44 10.84 13.47 7.12 5.77 4.5
62.93 67.83 39.18 19.58 60.81 104.48 68.0 92.0 45.27 35.7 43.3 39.68 64.34 89.32 107.68 85.79 64.46 30.87 98.39 70.88 62.79 64.24 49.74 57.3 56.61 57.61 64.05 52.3 43.77 44.5 38.87
8.97 8.97 5.84 5.31 14.12 13.75 11.6 19.0 8.72 8.81 10.05 9.76 8.06 13.03 11.22 7.29 6.32 2.9 8.82 6.63 7.07 8.0 5.26 8.31 7.03 6.57 8.57 7.21 10.77 11.45 11.07
43.24 39.64 21.93 18.51 43.03 62.92 66.51 72.4 37.25 35.0 40.66 36.02 47.03 75.45 57.16 47.67 43.56 5.68 28.2 32.55 38.83 40.95 20.17 36.93 41.76 42.05 41.84 43.13 32.99 33.7 32.63
15.59 16.45 15.47 17.09 17.61 15.17 19.2 25.33 15.68 17.27 15.84 16.39 15.5 23.69 20.91 17.0 16.33 12.41 17.19 17.08 14.57 14.98 15.59 14.91 15.83 14.22 13.49 13.34 18.98 19.19 18.1
73.04 73.62 56.58 39.81 50.84 79.28 87.42 99.95 58.13 51.7 59.51 56.93 65.8 116.6 99.86 97.61 91.12 20.54 70.4 63.31 71.82 77.97 21.66 70.05 76.83 85.84 86.57 75.28 54.28 58.51 56.45
103.1 102.97 93.17 87.22 113.15 141.07 140.83 166.83 95.48 96.23 103.1 99.55 111.22 175.14 153.17 118.42 115.3 48.42 112.86 100.07 108.44 110.87 39.75 103.98 109.69 117.92 115.88 105.99 112.74 106.71 95.95
16.39 14.75 9.84 7.05 22.92 29.59 30.18 30.71 17.12 13.73 16.43 11.83 23.28 39.02 39.45 25.4 22.22 18.19 22.43 19.96 22.01 23.98 14.01 21.34 19.7 20.32 22.07 26.05 20.72 17.32 17.31
39.51 51.41 39.99 33.24 57.9 68.14 62.17 60.66 36.84 35.64 36.89 33.11 58.59 81.55 81.24 62.29 56.17 61.07 55.54 40.26 40.41 43.71 69.0 39.99 41.24 42.56 41.66 39.96 55.69 50.52 54.83
14.32 13.84 11.35 10.7 12.02 12.99 15.45 17.49 10.99 14.17 12.87 13.35 15.36 25.31 27.0 14.52 14.54 6.18 10.2 11.17 9.53 9.47 13.44 9.27 8.8 10.4 9.47 9.97 13.03 14.42 14.39
8.94 9.85 7.47 7.44 8.62 9.95 13.18 15.65 9.12 8.84 9.07 8.56 9.76 16.19 13.84 10.12 10.17 7.77 12.8 10.17 10.87 10.83 10.16 10.24 9.79 10.51 9.95 8.47 11.74 11.37 13.59
5.51 7.69 3.99 5.4 10.77 10.46 10.02 11.34 7.17 7.28 7.51 7.45 6.74 12.44 13.63 10.16 9.07 4.38 7.82 6.67 6.95 7.53 1.83 7.49 7.09 7.54 7.73 6.67 8.63 7.5 8.14
9.76 7.5 4.99 3.53 12.47 15.01 14.64 22.03 7.68 7.55 9.3 7.24 8.52 19.83 16.05 10.07 9.15 3.74 10.99 8.57 8.97 10.35 8.25 10.96 9.54 9.18 10.46 11.2 9.8 9.18 8.53
29.03 24.52 15.2 14.18 34.56 46.74 39.42 47.62 19.64 18.55 21.35 19.17 31.26 68.42 61.17 34.27 30.19 13.73 29.96 27.84 34.17 33.25 26.08 27.62 30.36 29.84 30.08 34.12 27.22 21.53 25.33
8.54 10.56 5.73 5.1 8.67 10.09 8.05 8.55 4.41 3.75 4.75 5.05 9.33 14.38 14.17 7.97 8.11 5.54 6.05 4.87 5.34 6.18 5.45 5.52 6.0 6.33 5.38 5.87 7.87 7.0 8.45
7.55 9.48 2.82 2.45 7.88 9.06 30.68 37.49 11.41 10.24 10.97 11.23 12.91 31.36 23.85 12.26 12.35 6.14 16.76 14.93 12.56 10.84 2.96 11.22 10.57 12.18 10.34 13.48 9.81 8.75 5.38
2.12 2.01 0.44 0.28 0.73 1.12 4.52 7.53 1.79 1.88 1.59 2.03 7.95 3.34 5.57 2.86 4.52 0.97 2.75 3.73 2.82 3.22 6.48 3.43 2.82 2.07 2.42 3.68 1.6 1.42 1.49
2.05 3.69 1.66 2.59 3.54 4.55 4.93 5.11 2.27 1.8 1.65 1.84 3.07 5.09 6.9 3.98 3.15 0.23 2.74 1.86 2.81 2.88 0.12 2.49 2.56 2.78 3.0 3.15 4.06 3.06 2.79
1.23 0.95 0.62 1.02 1.77 2.54 1.72 2.0 1.27 1.3 1.3 1.28 1.06 3.53 3.66 1.88 1.78 0.12 1.66 1.15 1.25 1.14 0.19 1.18 1.48 1.46 1.16 1.5 1.63 1.48 1.1
17.36 23.04 16.03 17.26 34.31 37.31 34.96 34.91 25.8 25.32 28.04 28.43 33.23 41.97 40.14 37.2 31.18 21.03 28.0 25.97 28.0 28.42 12.68 25.05 26.66 25.87 28.53 31.09 28.57 28.18 29.34
18.61 11.2 11.36 11.63 10.22 18.65 28.4 39.23 12.59 12.28 12.14 12.78 36.14 32.52 28.62 21.06 23.38 21.17 18.98 19.28 18.22 18.85 28.47 19.48 19.34 18.37 19.63 24.85 15.49 13.82 9.98
1.19 1.15 1.02 0.85 0.97 2.21 1.83 2.03 1.07 0.91 1.35 0.88 1.11 2.34 2.09 2.58 1.71 0.65 1.53 1.58 1.6 1.91 0.11 1.31 1.87 1.89 1.76 1.85 1.23 1.01 0.51
18.9 16.94 14.56 11.59 8.44 15.18 28.11 41.77 12.49 11.91 14.4 13.18 25.83 32.92 23.51 21.76 23.43 7.52 20.33 18.18 18.13 18.13 22.87 19.34 19.01 17.81 18.64 19.45 12.76 13.68 15.62
21.08 23.71 18.67 11.63 18.49 28.67 31.92 47.79 18.51 18.5 17.29 15.94 21.05 60.48 46.67 26.3 22.19 5.47 15.45 14.65 15.18 14.91 12.64 22.11 20.36 18.65 22.3 18.71 22.21 22.6 18.62
10.15 8.49 2.75 1.44 5.28 7.95 7.21 7.0 3.42 3.54 3.32 3.93 3.31 13.72 10.68 5.68 5.51 0.98 3.96 4.3 4.27 5.05 1.15 3.54 3.15 4.48 4.88 5.6 5.94 6.36 4.86

Details

Raw expression values (TPM normalized), Green cells indicate low expression and red high. (Dark gray cells indicate missing values)